Biomarker is a measurable biological indicator of the health status of an individual, especially of one at the risk of developing or presence of a particular disease. In the past, the term ‘biomarker’ referred to physiological traits, however, with the advent of technologically advanced diagnostic measures, biomarkers now refer to products of metobolomic, genomic, and proteomic research. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk multiplier for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, inflammatory disease of kidney (glomerulonephritis), and aging. World Kidney Day, a global awareness campaign, estimated that 10% of the global population is affected by chronic kidney disease.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 26 million Americans are affected by chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), if not treated. It was estimated by the National Kidney Foundation in 2015 that about 468,000 ESRD affected patients were on dialysis in the U.S.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a more severe renal condition, which if left untreated, poses a high risk of death. Traditional methods of diagnosing kidney diseases, such as serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, lack in sensitivity and specificity and are time consuming. With the development of genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, introduction of novel diagnostic techniques, such as renal biomarkers, are expected to help in timely detection of renal diseases. Rapidly increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes propel the global renal biomarkers market.
In 2014, data from the CDC indicated that approximately 26.7 million or 11.5% of the U.S. adults were diagnosed with heart diseases, which is likely to rise further due to increase in incidence of advanced kidney diseases and complications. In addition, factors such as alcohol and tobacco consumption, obesity, and genetic as well as hereditary factors lead to growth in the number of patients suffering from kidney diseases. Rise in patient pool is projected to boost the demand for diagnostic tests with greater efficacy, such as, renal biomarkers.
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